Tax Type
Estate Tax
Fiduciary Income Tax
Description
Estimated Income Tax By Fiduciaries
Topic
Estates and Trusts
Taxable Income
Date Issued
06-01-1988
ESTIMATED INCOME TAX BY FIDUCIARIES
EMERGENCY REGULATION:
This emergency regulation was signed by the Governor on January 22, 1988 in order to advise taxpayers of the changes in the estimated income tax law enacted by the 1987 General Assembly as part of the Virginia response to the federal Tax Reform Act of 1986. The changes generally require trusts and certain estates to make installment payments of estimated Virginia income tax. This emergency regulation will expire on December 31, 1988.
As part of the process of adopting a permanent regulation under the Administrative Process Act, the Department of Taxation will receive, consider and respond to any comments or suggestions to reconsider or revise this emergency regulation.
VR 630-5-490 Fiduciary Income Tax: Estimated Tax
§ 1. Definitions.
The following words and terms, when used is these regulations, shall have the following meaning unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"Estimated tax” means the amount which the fiduciary reasonably estimates to be the income tax due four the taxable year, less the amount estimated to be the sum of any credits allowable against the income tax. Far this purpose, the refund of as overpayment of income tax which the fiduciary directs to be applied toward the estimated tax for the succeeding taxable year shall be considered an installment payment of estimated tax and not a credit against the income tax.
"Fiduciary” means the person who is required to file federal and Virginia income tax returns for the estate or trust, including the trustee of a trust and the executor or personal representative of an estate.
" Taxable year" means the taxable year for federal and Virginia income tax purposes.
§ 2. Declarations of estimated tax.
A. Requirement.
1. If the estimated tax is greater than $150, the fiduciary shall make a declaration of estimated tax for
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- i. any taxable year of an estate which ends two or more years after the date
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- ii. every taxable year of a trust.
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2. Examples
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- a. Decedent A died as September 1, 1986. For the taxable year 1988 the executor of A's estate expects to receive $10,000 income which will not be used to meet administrative expenses or distributed to the beneficiaries. The executor must file a declaration because the fiduciary income tax due on $10,000 trill exceed $150 and the end of the taxable year, December 31, 1988, is more than ten years after the date of death of the decedent.
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- b. The ABC trust expects to receive $10,000 income is 1988 but under the terms of the trust instrument the trustee is required to distribute all income to the beneficiaries. No declaration is required because the trustee's fiduciary income tax liability will be zero.
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- c. Same facts as in example b. except that the beneficiaries are minors. The trustee may accumulate income during the minority of the beneficiaries, and anticipates doing so. The trustee must file a declaration because the trustee's fiduciary income tax on $10, 000 will, exceed $150.
B. Contents.
The declaration shall state the amount which the fiduciary reasonably estimates is the income tax for which the estate or trust will be liable far the taxable year.
C. Time for filing.
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- 1. If the requirements of subsection A. are met or before April 15, then the fiduciary shall file the declaration on or before May 1 of the taxable year.
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- 2. If the requirements of subsection A. are met for the first time after April 15 and before June 2, then the fiduciary shall file the declaration on or before June 15 of the taxable year.
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- 3. If the requirements of subsection A. are met for the first time after June 1 and before September 2, then the fiduciary shall file the declaration on or before September 15 of the taxable year.
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- 4. If the requirements of subsection A. are met for the first time after September 1 of the tax-able year, then the fiduciary shall file the declaration on or before January 15 of the succeeding year.
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- 5. If the estate or trust has a taxable year other than a calendar year then the declaration shall be due on the fifteenth day of the fourth, sixth, or ninth month of the taxable year or on the fifteenth day of the first month of the succeeding taxable year, as appropriate.
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- 6. Examples.
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- a. On April 15, 1988, the fiduciary of the ABC trust expects to receive $25,000 income in 1988. Under the terms of the trust instrument the fiduciary is required to distribute all income to adult beneficiaries, but may accumulate the income of a minor beneficiary. "There are two adult beneficiaries and no minor beneficiaries. No declaration is required because the trust's estimated tax liability is zero.
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- b. Same facts as in example a. except that as a result of the death of one of the beneficiaries on August 1, 1988, a minor has become a beneficiary and the fiduciary anticipates accumulating the income of the minor. The minor's share of income for the remaining five months of the taxable year will be 1/2 of 5/12 of $25,000 or $5,208. The trust's estimated tax on $5,208 is more than $150, therefore a declaration must be filed on September 15, 1988.
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- 6. Examples.
D. Amendments.
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- A fiduciary may amend a declaration at any time throughout the year by losing or decreasing the amount of any installment payment of estimated tax and reporting the changed aunt on the payment voucher form accompanying the installment payment.
E. Return as declaration or payment.
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- 1. If on or before March 1 of the succeeding taxable year a fiduciary files the return for the estate or trust for the taxable year for which a declaration is required under subsection A., and pays the full amount of the tax shown to be due on the return:
i. such return shall be considered as the declaration if no declaration was required to be filed during the taxable year, but is otherwise required to be filed on or before January 15; and
ii. such return and payment shall be considered as the last installment payment of estimated tax which would otherwise have been payable on or before January 15.
2. Filing a return on or before March 1 of the succeeding taxable year or filing a declaration or payment of the last installment on January 15 will not relieve a taxpayer of liability for additions to tax for underpayment of any of the installments of estimated tax that were due on May 1, June 15, or September 15 of the taxable year. - 1. If on or before March 1 of the succeeding taxable year a fiduciary files the return for the estate or trust for the taxable year for which a declaration is required under subsection A., and pays the full amount of the tax shown to be due on the return:
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F. Short taxable year.
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- 1. A declaration must be filed if a return is required for a period of less than twelve months, unless the short period is less than four months or if the requirements of subsection A. are first met after the first day of the last month in the short taxable period.
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- 2. For the purpose of determining whether the estimated tax exceeds $150, the estimated tax for the short taxable period shall be placed on an annual basis by multiplying the estimated tax for the short taxable period by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in the short taxable period.
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§ 3. Installment payments.
A. Due dates and amounts.
The estimated tax shown on the declaration shall be paid in equal installments as follows:
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- 1. If the declaration is filed on or before May 1 of the taxable year, the estimated tax shall be paid in four equal installments. The first installment shall be paid at the time the declaration is filed and the second, third and fourth installments shall be paid on the following June 15, September 15, and January 15, respectively.
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- 2. If the declaration is not required to be filed on or before May 1 of the taxable year, and is filed after May 1 but on or before June 15 of the taxable year, the estimated tax shall be paid in three equal installments. The first installment shall be paid at the time the declaration is filed and the second and third installments shall be paid on the following September 15 and January 15, respectively.
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- 3. If the declaration is not required to be filed on or before June 15 of the taxable year, and is filed after June 15 but on or before September 15 of the taxable year, the estimated tax shall be paid in two equal installments. The first installment shall be paid at the time the declaration is filed and the second installment shall be paid on the following January 15.
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- 4. If the declaration is not required to be filed on or before September 15 of the taxable year, and is filed after September 15, the estimated tax shall be paid in full at the time the declaration is filed.
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- 5. If the declaration is filed after the due date, including cases where an extension of time has been granted, paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 of this subsection shall not apply. All installments of estimated tax which would have been due if the declaration had been timely filed shall be paid at or before the time of filing. The remaining installments shall be paid when, and in the amounts which, they would have been payable if- the declaration had been filed when due.
6. Examples.
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- a. On April 15, 1988, the fiduciary of the ABC trust expects to receive $50,000 income in 1988. Under the terms of the trust instrument the fiduciary is required to distribute all income to adult beneficiaries, but may accumulate the income of a minor beneficiary. There are two beneficiaries, both of whom are adults. No declaration or payment is required on May 1, 1988, because the trust's estimated tax liability is zero. However, as a result of the death of one of the beneficiaries on August 1, 1988, a minor has become a beneficiary and the fiduciary anticipates accumulating the income of the minor. The minor's share of income for the remaining five months of the taxable year will be 1/2 of 5/12 of $50,000 or $10,417. The trust's estimated tax on $10,417 is $391 for the taxable year which must be paid in installments, one-half on September 15, 1988, and the remaining half on January 15, 1989.
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- b. On April 15, 1988, the fiduciary of Trust DEF expected its estimated tax for 1988 to be $500. Therefore a declaration and an installment payment of $125 were due on May 1, 1988, but were not made. The omission is discovered on September 1, 1988. The first three installments of $375 are due on or before September 15, 1988. The remaining installment of $125 is due on January 15, 1989.
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- c. Same facts as in example b. except that due to a change in circumstances the fiduciary discovers on August 31 that the estimated tax for 1988 should be $2,000 instead of $500. The first three installments of $1,500 are due on or before September 15, 1988, and the remaining installment of $500 is due on January 15, 1989.
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B. Amendments of declaration.
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- If any amendment of a declaration is filed, the remaining installments, if any, shall be rat-ably increased or decreased (as the case may be) to reflect any increase or decrease in the estimated tax by reason of such amendment. If any amendment is made after September 15 of the taxable year, any increase in the estimated tax by reason thereof shall be paid at the time of making such fit.
C. Application to short taxable year.
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- 1. In the case of a short taxable year of an estate or trust for which a declaration is required to be filed the estimated tax shall be paid in equal installments, one at the time of filing the declaration, one on the 15th day of the sixth month of the taxable year and another on the 15th day of the ninth month of such year unless the short taxable year closed during or prior to such sixth or ninth month, and one on the 15th day of the first month of the succeeding taxable year.
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- 2. The provisions of paragraph A.5. relating to payment of estimated tax in any case in which the declaration is filed after the due date, shall also apply to the payment of the estimated tax for short taxable years.
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- 3. For example, if the short taxable year is the period of 10 months from March 1, 1988 to December 31, 1988, and the declaration is required to be filed on or before June 15, 1988 (the fifteenth day of the fourth month), the estimated tax is payable in four equal installments on June 15 with the declaration, August 15, 1988, November 15, 1988 and January 15, 1989.
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If the estate or trust has a taxable year other than a calendar year then the payments shall be due on the fifteenth day of the fourth, sixth, or ninth month of the taxable year or on the fifteenth day of the first month of the succeeding taxable year, as appropriate.
E. Installments or entire estimated tax paid in advance.
A fiduciary may elect to pay any installment of the estimated tax before the date prescribed for its payment. A fiduciary may also elect to file a declaration of estimated tax in the closing days of a calendar year for the taxable year about to be-gin, and may pay in full the amount of the estimated tax for such taxable year at the time the declaration is filed.
F. Application of Payments.
All payments of estimated tax shall be applied toward the income tax liability of the estate or trust for the taxable year. Payments of estimated tax may not be applied toward any other tax or tax-able year unless and until an income tax return is filed showing a refund. Payments of estimated tax may not be applied toward the income or estimated tax liability of a beneficiary of an estate or trust even if the fiduciary distributes all or a portion of the distributable net income to the beneficiary. In extraordinary circumstances where the fiduciary is not required to file a Virginia income tax return the fiduciary may request a refund of estimated tax.
G. Credit against estimated tax liability.
If the annual income tax return shows that the estate or trust is entitled to a refund of income tax by reason of overestimating and overpaying estimated tax the fiduciary may elect to have all or a portion of such refund applied to the payment of estimated tax liability for the following taxable year.
§ 4. Additions to the tax.
A. In the case of any underpayment of estimated tax by an estate or trust, except as provided in subsection, D, there shall be added to the income tax for the taxable year an amount determined at the rate established for interest under § 58.1-15 of the Code of Virginia, upon the amount of the underpayment (determined under subsection B), for the period of the underpayment (determined under subsection C). The amount of such addition to the tax shall be reported and paid at the time of filing the fiduciary income tax return for the taxable year.
B. Amount of underpayment.
For the purpose of subsection A, the amount of the underpayment shall be the excess of:
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- 1. The amount of the installment which would be required to be paid if the estimated tax were equal to 90% of the income tax, whether or not the fiduciary filed a return for such taxable year, over
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- 2. The amount, if any, of the installment paid on or before the last date prescribed for such payment.
C. Period of underpayment.
The period of the underpayment shall run from the date the installment was required to be paid to the earlier of the following dates:
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- 1. May 1, if a calendar year, or the 15th day of the fourth month following the close of the taxable year, if a fiscal year, or
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- 2. With respect to any portion of the underpayment, the date on which such portion is paid. For purposes of this paragraph, a payment of estimated tax on any installment date shall be considered a payment of any previous underpayment only to the extent such payment exceeds the amount of the installment determined under sub-section B.1 for such installment date.
D. Exception
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding subsections A, B, and C, the addition to the tax shall not be imposed if the income tax for the taxable year is less than $150.
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- a. The tax shown on the return of the estate or trust for the preceding taxable year, if a return showing a liability for tax was filed for the preceding taxable year and such preceding year was a taxable year of 12 months, or
b. An amount equal to the tax computed, at the rates applicable to the taxable year, on the basis of the facts shown on the return for, and the law applicable to, the preceding taxable year, or
- a. The tax shown on the return of the estate or trust for the preceding taxable year, if a return showing a liability for tax was filed for the preceding taxable year and such preceding year was a taxable year of 12 months, or
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- c. An amount equal to 90% of the tax for the taxable year computed by placing on an annualized basis the taxable income for the months in the taxable year ending before the month in which the installment is required to be paid. For purposes of this paragraph the taxable income shall be placed on an annualized basis by:
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- i. multiplying by 12 (or, in the case of a taxable year of less than 12 months, the number of months in the taxable year) the taxable income for the months in the taxable year ending be-fore the month in which the installment is required to be paid,
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- c. An amount equal to 90% of the tax for the taxable year computed by placing on an annualized basis the taxable income for the months in the taxable year ending before the month in which the installment is required to be paid. For purposes of this paragraph the taxable income shall be placed on an annualized basis by:
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- ii. dividing the resulting amount by the number of months in the taxable year ending before the month in which such installment date falls; or
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- d. An amount equal to 90% of the tax computed, at the rates applicable to the tax-able year, on the basis of the actual tax-able income for the months in the taxable year ending before the month in which the installment is required to be paid. The periods involved, for a calendar year taxpayer, are January 1 to April 30, January 1 to May 31, and January 1 to August 31. Virginia taxable income for the applicable period is computed in accordance with § 58.1-361 of the Code of Virginia for the four, five or eight month period, as applicable.
- d. An amount equal to 90% of the tax computed, at the rates applicable to the tax-able year, on the basis of the actual tax-able income for the months in the taxable year ending before the month in which the installment is required to be paid. The periods involved, for a calendar year taxpayer, are January 1 to April 30, January 1 to May 31, and January 1 to August 31. Virginia taxable income for the applicable period is computed in accordance with § 58.1-361 of the Code of Virginia for the four, five or eight month period, as applicable.
Rulings of the Tax Commissioner